Friday, May 31, 2019

Rabies Symptoms :: Medical Disease

Rabies SymptomsRabies is an extremely old disorder. Some speculate that it is as old as humankind itself. Rabies belongs to a family of viruses called lyssa. Lyssa is the classical word for rabies, which is derived from the root lud, which means violent. The first case of rabies was described in the 23rd century BC in the Eshuma Code of Babylon. Generally, the virus is transmittable to humans by other animals or humans who argon already infected. Rabies is an extremely deadly disease, and if left untreated, it has a mortality rate great than 99 percent. In fact, there has only been one documented case of a human that has survived this deadly disease. The course that the disease takes is often violent. (fas)Picture a frankfurter coming down the street, madly dashing this way and that with no apparent goal other than biting anything and everything. Everything about this dog has changed. He no longer remembers his friends, and he no longer wishes o eat or drink, in fact he is hydro phobic. This lack of nutrients brings an end to the dogs yelps of disturb after a few hours or days. The cries become weak and harsh, fatigue sets in, and the animal seizes and eventually dies. This series of events is commonly known as mad dog. (Webster 3)The term mad dog may be more familiar to most people than the term rabies is, but they mean the same thing. The disease is usually, but not always, transmitted to humans by a bite. As the disease progresses, the sanity of the affected animal or human gradually deteriorates. By the time an individual displays the symptoms described, it has already lost its battle with the rabies virus. Rabies is a disease that must be caught as early as executable the longer it takes to diagnose, the less chance of survival there is. The earliest sign of infection is a change in disposition. The victim may develop a troubled or1distracted look, which is followed by lack of desire to recognize or be friendly with others. However, in other cases a n individual may become more gentle and friendly. (Webster 4-5)There are two general forms of rabies furious rabies and dumb rabies. Frequencies of furious and dumb rabies are approximately equal in both the laboratory and in the field. Furious rabies is the more stereotypic form of rabies. Individuals often wander about, followed by signs of uppity excitability or irritability.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Essay -- essays research papers

Gastroesophageal Reflux DiseaseSensitive Gut (Harvard Special Health Reports)In consultation with Lawrence S. Friedman, M.D. Stanford, CTIn this article, you are informed about a disease that is occurring more often in our society. It is commonly referred to as heartburn but is more befittingly named acid reflux disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Most people suffer from this disease, but think nothing of it. Perhaps they tolerate felt it after a big meal, cunning down after eat, during pregnancy, or even when bending over. Most people feel that GERD occurs after eating spicy foods, when in fact the major arrange of GERD is fatty foods and the quantity of foods eaten.The main causes of GERD occur because your lower esophageal sphincter (LES), or the sphincter that closes dark the esophagus to the stomach becomes weakened or bread functioning correctly. Scientist are finding that different nutrition habits affect the workings of the LES. Things like dietary supp lements, drugs, or anything containing caffeine will actually cause the break down of the LES. A common condition that is associated with GERD and LES problems is having a hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is when you have a larger than dominion spring in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through. Since this opening is larger, the stomach begins to enter this opening. When you eat, the stomach and esophagus ... Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Essay -- essays research cover Gastroesophageal Reflux DiseaseSensitive Gut (Harvard Special Health Reports)In consultation with Lawrence S. Friedman, M.D. Stanford, CTIn this article, you are informed about a disease that is occurring more often in our society. It is commonly referred to as heartburn but is more appropriately named acid reflux disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Most people suffer from this disease, but think nothing of it. Perhaps they have felt it after a big meal, lying down after eati ng, during pregnancy, or even when bending over. Most people feel that GERD occurs after eating spicy foods, when in fact the major cause of GERD is fatty foods and the quantity of foods eaten.The main causes of GERD occur because your lower esophageal sphincter (LES), or the sphincter that closes off the esophagus to the stomach becomes weakened or stops functioning correctly. Scientist are finding that different nutrition habits affect the workings of the LES. Things like dietary supplements, drugs, or anything containing caffeine will actually cause the malfunction of the LES. A common condition that is associated with GERD and LES problems is having a hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is when you have a larger than normal opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through. Since this opening is larger, the stomach begins to enter this opening. When you eat, the stomach and esophagus ...

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Canadian Identity :: essays research papers fc

Throughout Canadas relatively short existence we have created sooner a reputation for ourselves. Our great nation is crawl inn for many things , and I am proud to say that most are positive. Does Canada have a buckram national identity? Anyone can see the answer is yes. Just take a look at the facts. For example, we are renowned for our peacekeepers and no other surface area is considered more peaceful. Without a doubt this is the type of identity we should work to keep. The first thing we should examine is what exactly is meant by strong national identity. A very good example of strong national identity is the U.S.. I doubt there is a man on this planet who is not well-known(prenominal) with the U.S.. People immediately recognize their flag, and most people can tell you quite a bit about them. The same is true of Canada, and what do they know of Canada? In 1995 U.S. President Bill Clinton stated his view of Canada in a speech where he declared, Canada has shown the world how t o balance freedom with compassion and tradition with innovation, in your efforts to provide health care to all your citizens, to treat senior citizens with the dignity and respect they deserve...(Canada Today 9). We were also rated first in the UNs 1992 Human culture Index (9).As I have already stated Canada is very well known for our many peacekeeping efforts. This is due to the many places our peacekeepers have been, or are at this very moment, such as Bosnia, East Timor and even Central Africa. These are just a very small portion of the places our peacekeepers are presently stationed. I am not even mentioning the dozens and dozens of other places they have been to. Our peacekeepers have helped save countless lives and Canada has gained relatively little in return, but Canada does it anyways, because it is the right thing to do. Aside from our activities outside the country, we are also one of the best countries to live in. We have one of the top 5 livelihood expectancies for bo th men and women. We also have the longest expected education according to the UNs stats. These are just a few reasons why Canada is the superlative country.Not only do we have a lot to offer Canadian citizens, here is a list of reasons to immigrate to Canada provided by KAM International

The Struggle of EZNL In Modern Mexico Essay -- Culture Mexico Mexican

The Struggle of EZNL In Modern MexicoIntroductionIn so few words, the Zapatistas ar a large number coupled in the struggle for the rights and dignity of the indigenous volume of Mexico. They are a group composed of the natives to the land of the state of Chiapas, the southernmost and poorest state in Mexico, which chiefly consists of the tribes of the Mayan peoples. The conditions that these indigenous people live in are a testament to the injustices caused by the spread of colonialism and capitalism and the blind eye that its institutions and governments have turned to the people who inhabit the land from which its profits are made. The suffering has given these people a voice, and the collective struggle has given rise to an organized army of the people the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN). The motives, actions, and origins of the EZLN are either misinterpreted or misunderstood by many. Often times my research has uncovered contradictions as to the purpose of thi s group, which shows that they are not fully known on a larger scale. However, their methods of non-violence after some initial violent rises have led to their sustenance, and the message they preach is gap throughout the world and gaining them much support. They are both War and Peace in their existence, and in their ends have stated that they will bring War in order to finally attain Peace. What follows is a brief introduction to the setting of which the EZLN was born the history of Mexico, the conditions and peoples of Chiapas, the shrouded origins of the EZLN, and the legend of the man from which they took their name Emiliano Zapata. Following this is an account of the uprising that announced their presence to Mexico and the worl... ...municados. Ediciones Era, Mexico. 2003VIDEO RECORDINGSStorm from the mountain Zapatistas take Mexico City videorecordng. Colombo, Santiago. Big Noise Films, New York. 2001.The Silence of the Zapatistas. videorecording. Paco. Chiapa s Media Project, Chicago. 2001.WEB RESOURCEShttp//www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/mexico/0311Zap_March.htmhttp//flag.blackened.net/ push back/mexico/ezln/2000/fzln_10thesis_july.htmlhttp//www.geocities.com/alt_politics/EZLN.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EZLNhttp//flag.blackened.net/revolt/mexico4.htmlhttp//images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http//www.chiapaslink.ukgateway.net/Mexicomap.gif&imgrefurl=http//www.chiapaslink.ukgateway.net/ch0.html&h=384&w=492&sz=51&tbnid=TNzEGG5d_Z4J&tbnh=99&tbnw=126&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmexico,%2Bchiapas,%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Charles Schwab Case Essay -- essays research papers

Charles Schwab, a Stanford MBA, founded Charles Schwab & Company in 1971 in California. The company quickly established itself as an innovator. A defining moment came with the 1975 whitethorn Day, when Schwab took advantage of the new opportunities deregulation offered. Schwab would not provide advice on which securities to buy and when to sell as the full-service brokerage firms did. Instead, it gave self-directed investors poor-cost access to securities exercises. From the late 80s to the earliest 90s, before the commercial use of the Internet, Schwab used technology to increase efficiency and quality and expand its services. Schwabs innovations harnessed technology to the solution of business problem. As Schwabs President and co-CEO David Pottruck put it, we are a technology company in the brokerage business. Schwab introduced TeleBroker, a fully automated telephone system that allowed customers to rule real-time stock quotes and place orders. Schwab also leveraged its back-o ffice operations with SchwabLink, a service to provide fee-based financial advisors with back-office custodial services and the capability for RIAs to plug into Schwabs computers to trade. The RIA grocery store became an important source of revenue for Schwab. By 2000, Schwab had 5,900 affiliated RIAs, who controlled about 30% of Schwabs assets, up from zero in 1987. Merrill Lynch viewed these RIAs as a realistic sales force for Schwab We dont compete with the discounters. We do compete with Schwab. They have essentially built a Merrill Lynch by proxy. Schwab introduced the Mutual line of descent OneSource program in 1992, enabling customers to purchase no-load mutual funds without paying commissions. The vast majority of OneSource assets were in non-Schwab funds, except the SchwabFunds money grocery, the only money market fund offered to OneSource customers. Funds were ranked and presented to Schwab customers based on objective characteristics (e.g., sector, investment style, o r management fees) and performance. Customers could use their Schwab account to buy or sell more than 1,100 mutual funds from about 200 third-party fund families without paying any fees, and the transactions were integrated into their Schwab account statements and reports. Schwab serviced these accounts, aggregating all OneSource trades into a single daily transaction that was communicated electronically to the pa... ...s value proposition. Schwab customers could trade through Schwabs branch offices, through representatives at call centers, via automated telephone services, over the Internet, and over wireless devices. Schwab seek to take advantage of synergies between the Internet and its traditional channels. For example, Schwab planned to hold over 13,600 online investing seminars in 2000 in its branches for those not comfortable with Internet technology. looking at the market share in Figure. 1 below, Schwab was the leader in 1999. However, in todays world competition has go tten even more competitive. faithfulness and caravan have become household names in todays market. Fidelity with their proven customer service, range of mutual funds, stocks, and Retirement plans is come up balanced diversified credible firm with a proven track record. Vanguard is one of the newer but fast growing firms. Vanguard trademark is for low commission and expense ratios fees. Vanguard has the lowest fees in the industry and makes a big difference if one is a long-term investor. In conclusion, Fidelity and Vanguard are the tier 1 firms in the industry with Vanguard having the potential to be 1 in the near future.

Charles Schwab Case Essay -- essays research papers

Charles Schwab, a Stanford MBA, founded Charles Schwab & Company in 1971 in California. The company quickly established itself as an innovator. A define moment came with the 1975 May Day, when Schwab took advantage of the new opportunities deregulation offered. Schwab would not provide advice on which securities to buy and when to sell as the full-service brokerage firms did. Instead, it gave self-directed investors low-cost main course to securities transactions. From the late 80s to the early 90s, before the commercial use of the Internet, Schwab used technology to increase efficiency and quality and expand its services. Schwabs innovations harnessed technology to the solving of business problem. As Schwabs President and co-CEO David Pottruck put it, we are a technology company in the brokerage business. Schwab introduced TeleBroker, a fully automated call in system that allowed customers to retrieve real-time stock quotes and place orders. Schwab also leveraged its back-office operations with SchwabLink, a service to provide fee-based financial advisors with back-office custodial services and the capability for RIAs to cab into Schwabs computers to trade. The RIA market became an important source of r level offue for Schwab. By 2000, Schwab had 5,900 affiliated RIAs, who controlled about 30% of Schwabs assets, up from zero in 1987. Merrill Lynch viewed these RIAs as a virtual sales force for Schwab We dont compete with the discounters. We do compete with Schwab. They have essentially built a Merrill Lynch by proxy. Schwab introduced the Mutual Fund OneSource program in 1992, enabling customers to purchase no-load rough-cut funds without paying commissions. The vast majority of OneSource assets were in non-Schwab funds, except the SchwabFunds money market, the solitary(prenominal) money market fund offered to OneSource customers. Funds were ranked and presented to Schwab customers based on objective characteristics (e.g., sector, investment style, or m anagement fees) and performance. Customers could use their Schwab account to buy or sell more than 1,100 mutual funds from about 200 third-party fund families without paying any fees, and the transactions were integrated into their Schwab account statements and reports. Schwab serviced these accounts, aggregating all OneSource trades into a undivided daily transaction that was communicated electronically to the pa... ...s value proposition. Schwab customers could trade through Schwabs branch offices, through representatives at call centers, via automated telephone services, all over the Internet, and over wireless devices. Schwab sought to take advantage of synergies between the Internet and its traditional channels. For example, Schwab planned to hold over 13,600 online investing seminars in 2000 in its branches for those not well-heeled with Internet technology. Looking at the market share in Figure. 1 below, Schwab was the leader in 1999. However, in todays world competition has gotten even more competitive. Fidelity and head have become household names in todays market. Fidelity with their proven customer service, range of mutual funds, stocks, and Retirement plans is well balanced diversified credible firm with a proven track record. Vanguard is one of the newer but fast growing firms. Vanguard trademark is for low commission and expense ratios fees. Vanguard has the lowest fees in the industry and makes a big difference if one is a long-term investor. In conclusion, Fidelity and Vanguard are the tier 1 firms in the industry with Vanguard having the potential to be 1 in the near future.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Overcoming Bullying: King Essay Response Essay

Bullying is a common problem effecting people ever. You earth-closet be bullied on any issuing of things sexuality, style, opinion, and personality, on the dot to name a few. Everyone deals with bullying in their own way. Some choose to send packing bullying and some choose to confront their bully spot on. There argon also some people who tell someone older and more experienced closely their problems. Some of these methods are the right things to do, spot others are non the advisable choice. I believe that everyone can come up with a suitable solution to this problem that benefits everyone involved. The easiest solution to this problem is to ignore the bully and hope that eventually the bully will grow bored and stop. This is not a very effective method for two fairly patent reasons one being that the bully may just come up with even more hurtful things to bombard you with, and the other being that if the bully chooses to abandon you alone, he/she will just find a new victi m to taunt, which doesnt really solve any problems.The next best thing to do would be to inform an adult of what is going on and hope that they will be able to put a stop to hit. This is also not the well-nigh advisable method to stopping a bully because it will just anger the bully further. They will resent you for rideting them into trouble. They might decide not to attack you in the sight of an adult but the bullying will grow worse when the two of you are alone. That doesnt solve any problems and can in fact make things a lot worse. There is also a chance that the bully may bring some of their friends into the mix, so if caught him/her are not the one that stands accused of being a bully. The smartest action to take when putting a stop to bullying would be to confront the bully facial gesture to face. Im not advising that anyone should fight because all violence does is cause problems. When being bullied I find that is best to discuss any issues with the bully so that matters can be straight personened out and leave every party satisfied with the outcome.In some situations the bully may not realize that their actions are make hurt feelings. When you confront the bully on these issues you show them how they are being hurtful so in the future they know not to say these things again. In other situations you may find that the bully is also being bullied by someone else and that in bullying you they are making themselves feel better about their situations. Inconfronting them you discover this and that might prompt you to extend the hand of friendship, which would no doubt offer them moral support throughout their own difficult situation. early(a) people may feel like dealing with bullying in their own way. Some people find it easier to ignore the problem and hope that it goes absent and others may think that bringing and adult into the situation will help solve the problem. Not every case of bullying is the same and not every method may be appropriate wh en dealing with certain cases of bullying.I believe that discussing your problems with the bully is the best solution and I try to do just that when I feel s though I am being picked on. Discussing a problem produces a solution beneficial to everyone and it is the step I advise for anyone who is dealing with a bully. I hope that everyone will make this decision when confronting a bully, because it is the best way put an end to bullying. If everyone discusses the problems they are having with someone straight away violence wouldnt be such a big issue, and Im not just talking about violence amongst teenagers but violence between nations. If issues would be cleared up straight away there would be no need for violence and everyone could just get along. I believe that one day, if everyone discusses their problems and issues everyone will get along, putting an end to this unnecessary hurt.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Cleanliness: Recycling and Comprehensive National High

CLEANLINESS By Edgardo Eleccion ( GCCNHS) The often quoted saying is Cleanliness is next to Godliness. People are so busy thinking what possible solution to make in order to maintain cleanliness for a worldwide issue. The air, water and soil are not polluted. This is the rattling issue of cleanliness that need an immediate action, a problem to be addressed. Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School ( GCCNHS) community has campaigned on zero shave management program on have segregation by bio and non-biodegradable scheme.Stakeholders either direct and indirect have been oriented on this scheme on waste segregation. However, students either young or old still cant follow simple instructions. A kind of system within a psyche to discipline him to do what is good in saving the environment and saving the generation ahead. United Nations and some of the environmental friendly establishments and organizations have join forces to put together a program for a greener world. The join effort is now part of their mission in their business and organization.However, if one is not per hammering its task to turn in this planet, then who else would clean up our mess? We should not wait for others to do the task, today is the right time. Sometimes our header set reflects our own actions. Do we mind the earth we are living now? Are we ready to pass this world to the next generation after us? What else should we do to give this legacy a worthwhile for them? Symposium, memorandum, policies, bills, laws and rules have been done even in school and communities.Reduction, reforestation, redirection, recycle and reuse policies have been adopted. Still we continue making dirt to this enlightenment God given gift to us. This world is the package of our existence. This is not ours. We just borrow this. We live this for free, is it not proper to clean the earth we lend form the Maker? Edgardo Eleccion is a secondary teacher of Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School ( G CCNHS) Gingoog City, Philippines. He is a Values Education Teacher.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Employee Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction Essay

This thesis get out be based on my watercourse and previous practical experience combined with the theoretical basis that I have acquired through the modules on Academy business school. I have 8 years of management experience in retail, but in the last 3 years being employed as a personal benefactor for my son who was born with a physical disability. 1 October 2012 I have been employed actuate- sequence as a sales assistant in the impudently opened shoe Tops, located in Aalborg center field.My point of view in this project will be from the perspective of the owner / management since my prerequisites for this atomic number 18 true-to-life(prenominal) and that in the future I have ambitions again to get a job at this aim.Presentation of pass in Aalborg Shopping Eurosko a buy cooperative consisting of independent skohandlere working together on purchasing and marketplaceing. These skohandlerer operated under the name exceed. This cooperation is intended to give members a break-dance overall economy to hurt the increasing competition in the retail industry. The grass overs sells private labels and various brands of Danish suppliers. transcend products be designed for the average consumer, and the target audience is the whole family. crossway labels within private labels are as follows Ralf Boston, Taxi, Adi, Mary B and Between.The naked as a jaybird Tops store in Aalborg shopping center is located in the refreshing extension which has the name Nygade (pink street). This street connects the input A (main entrance at the grocery store) and input B (input opposite Steak Jensen / Nibevej).Shoe store TOPS is funded by Thorkild Hansen, who e precise day is trade able boss in Aars. It is his daughter Camilla Hansen, store manager / owner of the new store. They both have a biography from the unsaidware store industry. In the shop t present is employed a sales manager, a full-time sales assistant and one part-time sales assistant. You are aware that you have to have virtually hourly paid sales assistants to cover crooked hours. However, one would first look for the urgent indispensableness before hiring more.The store is located in North Jutland most attractive retail area in the city south of Aalborg. The competition here is tremendous, from German Deichmann to skokderne Skoringen and PAW SHOES. Grocery store is also a major competitor, while the overall industry slippage, as retailers fierce competition is to blame in.The hard struggle with the center of Aalborg has been going on ever since opening in 1997, and its just a matter of time before one so-and-so proclaim City South and Aalborg Shopping Center as the victor. City Southern and Aalborg Shopping Center is marketplace for all over Gauteng. The clients who come to Aalborg Mall comes with the purpose to spend money. Unlike customers in the city center, where thither are mevery shoppers.Problem Argumentation In a store like TOPS in Aalborg shopping center, there are ma ny challenges for Camilla Hansen. Problem of the project will be based on one of the issues that are most primordial to the management, namely the pauperism of the staff. Why is it such an important issue?One of the things that can explain the need question is the aforementioned competition as TOPS face. Is the sales staff not actd to provide the outstrip service when they meet customers, customers needs are met in one of the competing shoe stores.There are also other elements such as indirect challenge my question most motivation. These I will elaborate on below.The increasing competition in the retail and policies have been elements in the environment that have helped to pave the way for the long opening hours. This development is currently further escalated with the abolition of the Shops Act 1 October 2012. Another challenge is the union HP, which puts pressure on employers to their employees come to work under some decent conditions, with regard to working hours.At the sa me time include the cost structure in the retail industry, where labor costs and rent are the greatest. Since the wage cost is the only one who in a short time can be changed, it is here, it is very focused. Rationalisation and maximum benefits of the employees are daily challenge in retail. It obviously has not done better after the financial crisis in 2008. The demand for goods has fallen / stagnated and the demand there is, is not the same as before. At the same time discount concepts in many cases prospered due to the crisis.In the wake of these above mentioned elements have TOPS a need for the core of employees who are employed must be super effective. Performance would with store personnel must be senior high school gear, even in the long run. Therefore, it is important to achieve a sustained high staff motivation in TOPS. I therefore think it appropriate to make visible how the job should be structured so as to achieve a high inbred motivation of the employees. However, on e must create a culture that supports the motivation. Succeeded this, then the employees will eventually provide the same high level.Problem manifestation It is a challenge for management that structures the right job design for the team in the shop, so to create a sustained high level of motivation. This will form the basis for the desired high level of performance. I therefore do the following Explain the job characteristics position, in relation to the employees of Tops in Aalborg Mall. Provide an analysis of the elements to create a high MPS.Find out what basic assumptions that support a high MPS. Make suggestions for how to achieve sustained high MPS.The method Science Theoretical approach The knowledge / theory which I create in the project is based on social constructionism. My new unfairness will therefore be formed by the auto poetry system for which the employee is in TOPS.The way in which the theory is formed on the deductive because my curiosity is based on a theoret ical model and problem formulation. The method is the hermeneutical spiral, as my practical / theoretical presuppositions will be further highly-developed through a qualitative method ( information interviews). This illustrates thanks to my depth interviews. First I ask my questions, then I ask detailed questions to their answers. This forms a new pre-understanding, which in turn contributes to a deeper level of understanding. This truth can be characterized as being causal explanatory. This provides functional explanations are operationalized through the quantitative method (questionnaire). Thus, I see the questionnaire as a hypothetical method.The hermeneutic process are processed through circular thinking. This theoretical system finally my deeper level of understanding will be provided by exploring patterns of attitudes of the individuals in TOPS. My interest is to see how employees and management mutually influence distributively other. This I find out each actors share in rel ation to the questions that my problem formulation contains.Selection of theory Motivation Theory Motivation Theory is a very broad theoretical area. The models describe the area very differently from simple to concrete and detailed. Overall divided motivation theory for the following two areas touch on TheoriesContent TheoriesProcess theories are based on the differences that applies to the employees behavior. The theory describes elements to be addressed in order to get employees to acquire a trusted behavior.Content theory concentrates on the needs of the employee and that the behavior is the same from person to person. Need fulfillment creates the motivation that causes the employee to perform a particular behavior (Major intrinsic motivation = better sales performance).I have decided that my topic motivation must be based on job characteristics model, which is made by Hackman and Oldham. I do so because it is necessary to take into account the differences in employee behavior . Otherwise, I would not in practice distinguish between kinds of different factors that motivate employees to TOPS. So they just had the same external and internal work environment, to be equally motivated in their work.The theory will form the basis for the upshot of the projects problem. At the same time it will be my starting point, to account for the motivation of employees through job design. Job characteristics model is to provide a commonality understanding of my explanation of how to design the job so that employees acquire the particular behavior (Major intrinsic motivation = better sales performance).Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model This thesis will be based on the version of the book Motivation is written by Helle Hein. This issue compared to the textbook is that there are some pocket-sized differences in how the moderators are defined.The model is based on some core job characteristics that form the basis for the ideal job design. Problem definition ques tion 1 deals with the exposition of the model in relation to the employees of TOPS. Presentation of the model will be done through in-depth interviews with employees. Based on depth interviews I will make a questionnaire to determine the factors that contribute to give a high motivation potential score (question 2).Model moderators will also be involved, as there are some providers elements that affect the fact that not all people react similarly to the job design. There are some barriers as a result of the fact that you do not get the best result, although job design is ideal. The moderators will also be explained through depth interviews (question 1).The model also contains the element of the critical psychological states, which will not be included in my project. This has no direct connection to my problem statement. I assume that when the optimal job design is achieved, as well as fulfillment of the moderators, so it will have a positive outcome (high motivation = good sales per formance).Criticism of Hackman and Oldham In the book, motivation is a few points on which job characteristics model are criticized. I will only set off the criticism points Helle Hein mentions in her book that influence in my project.The factors which constitute the core job characteristics are difficult to understand and distinguish between, for those who have to deal with any questions. This is one reason why I choose depth interview as my method of data collection. Respondent may help to understand the issues, which helps to ratify the information collected.The theory does not affect factor of social relations. Therefore, I believe that the model has a major weakness in this area. The relationship to ones colleagues is very important in a store like TOPS, where there are not many employees. It is important to feel like part of the community when you show up at work. Failure to do so, and you feel that is a bad mood, you will naturally seek new challenges. This will fleet to a n ideal job design does not work. Hertzberg theory takes high of social relations, and would have been better in this area. This theory, I squint a little in my statement (question 1).In my hypothesis, I touch on the concept of MPS. Helle Hein questioning whether one using a formula and theory can design the best possible job design to an employee. It is one of the concepts used in my project. Therefore, the same criticisms apply here.Hackman and Oldham theory is developed at the beginning of industrialization in the linked States until the 1970s when the authors formulated the theory. As it developed it was the starting point for the theory not the retail industry, which means that in some cases, it will not incessantly fit completely with the fact that I daily find myself in.Cultural Theory Theory scope of the concept of culture has many approaches. Here there are for example Hofstede. This theorist is based on civic culture. He believes that an organizations culture is created on the basis of, for example, the country or persona in which it is located in. The theory here is based on a number of opposing elements that help to characterize the culture. An example of this could be that the culture of TOPS will bear the mark of masculinity rather than the feminine. This is because you are very sales and performance oriented.Another theorists is Schein. This theory is built into a move model which is divided into 3 storys. The top are artifacts, which is a description of the physical conditions in which an outside person can see with the naked eye. The next layer is the values. This layer describes the employee proved doing to emphasize culture both internally and external. The last layer is called as basic assumptions, the conduct which they unconsciously without even thinking about it. The basic assumption being made by the leader.A third theory is the Deal and Kennedys cultural model. This theory is based on the market to which the organization finds its elf in. The theory describes two dimensions, each with their opposing extremes. These being high risk / low risk or timely feedback / slow feedback. Here are TOPS in the dimension which is characterized by low risk and rapid feedback. In trade with each customers risk low if it failed. At the same time you get rapid feedback on sales because you can constantly follow it.Overall, it is appropriate to use the Deal and Kennedy to describe culture as the retail industry is very market specific. This will also be my approach. But to describe the culture internally, I will build on Schein funnel model, because this model is more up rational. At the same time, the shop is starting, and I therefore believe that it is the store manager, who through her actions and attitudes create culture. Furthermore, it is also the one who owns the shop and is the pioneer. In a pioneering company, it is usually the owners attitudes and opinions that characterize the corporate culture.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Neocolonialism

Introduction Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a kingdom (usually former European colonies in Africa or Asia) in lieu of direct military or governmental control. Such control can be economic, cultural, or linguistic by promoting ones own culture, language or media in the colony, corporations embedded in that culture can then make greater headway in opening the markets in those countries. Thus, neocolonialism would be the end result of relatively benign business interests leading to deleterious cultural effects.Neocolonialism describes certain economic operations at the international level which have alleged similarities to the traditional colonialism of the 16th to the 20th centuries. The contention is that governments have aimed to control other nations through indirect means that in lieu of direct military-political control, neocolonialist powers employ economic, financial, and trade policies to dominate less powerfu l countries. What is the social phenomena neocolonialism?It is a set of political, economic, social and colonial arrangements or systems which continue to hold up in a society, managed and controlled by little local property-ruling class on behalf of their corresponding foreign property-ruling class. The arrangement is a phenomenon which is heavily imposed on the majority of the people who remain poor, unemployed, low income-earned, unskilled, and uneducated. These arrangements designate a continuation of colonialism wherein the majority of the people are denied control and management of the bulk of their wealth. Describe the origins of neocolonialism.The political-science term neocolonialism became favorite usage in reference to the continued European control the economic, cultural, of African countries that had been decolonized in the aftermath of the Second World War (193945). As a political scientist, Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended, to the postWar 20th century, the socio-economic and political arguments presented by Lenin in the pamphlet Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), about 19th-century imperialism as the logical acknowledgment of power to meet the financial investment needs of the political economy of capitalism.What are the effects of neocolonialism? In effect, third world rulers give concessions and monopolies to foreign corporations in return for consolidation of power and monetary bribes. In most cases, much of the money loaned to these LDCs is returned to the favored foreign corporations. Thus, these foreign loans are, in effect, subsidies to crony corporations of the loaning states rulers. This tacit consent is sometimes referred to as the corporatocracy. Organizations accused of participating in neo-imperialism include the World Bank, World Trade Organization and Group of Eight, and the World Economic Forum. Various first base world states, notably the United States, are said to be involved. An insiders fir st-hand description of the corporatocracy is described in the book Confessions of an Economic Hitman by John Perkins. title at least one way in which neocolonialism can be rectified?

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Part Five Chapter IX

IXThe journey took Krystal back to her childhood. She had made this trip daily to St Thomass, all on her own, on the bus. She knew when the abbey would come into sight, and she pointed it out to Robbie.See the big ruin castling?Robbie was hungry, but slightly distracted by the excitement of being on a bus. Krystal held his hand tightly. She had promised him food when they got off at the other end, but she did non know where she would get it. Perhaps she could borrow money from Fats for a bag of crisps, not to mention the return bus fare.I wen ter school ere, she told Robbie, while he wiped his fingers on the dirty windows, making abstract patterns. An youll go to school ere too.When they rehoused her, because of her pregnancy, they were virtually certain to give her another Fields house nobody wanted to sully them, they were so run hatful. But Krystal power saw this as a good thing, because in spite of their dilapidation it would put Robbie and the baby in the catchment area fo r St Thomass. Anyway, Fats parents would near certainly give her enough money for a washing machine once she had their grandchild. They might level get a television.The bus rolled deck a slope towards Pagford, and Krystal caught a glimpse of the glittering river, briefly visible before the road sank too low. She had been disappointed, when she joined the rowing team, that they did not train on the Orr, but on the dirty old canal in Yarvil.Ere we are, Krystal told Robbie, as the bus turned slowly into the flower-decked square.Fats had forgotten that waiting in front of the colour Canon meant standing opposite Mollison and Lowes and the Copper Kettle. There was more than an hour to go until midday, when the cafe opened on Sundays, but Fats did not know how proterozoic Andrew had to arrive for work. He had no desire to see his oldest friend this morning, so he skulked down the side of the pub out of sight, and only emerged when the bus arrived.It pulled away, unveil Krystal and a small dirty-looking boy.Nonplussed, Fats loped towards them.Es my brother, give tongue to Krystal aggressively, in response to something she had seen in Fats face.Fats made another mental adjustment to what gritty and authentic life meant. He had been fleetingly interpreted with the idea of knocking Krystal up (and showing Cubby what real men were able to achieve casually, without effort) but this little boy clinging to his sisters hand and leg discombobulated him.Fats wished that he had not agreed to meet her. She was making him ridiculous. He would rather have gone back to that stinking, squalid house of hers, now that he saw her in the Square.Ave yeh got any money? Krystal demanded.What? said Fats. His wits were slow with tiredness. He could not remember now why he had wanted to sit up all night his tongue was throbbing with all the cigarettes he had smoked.Money, repeated Krystal. Es ungry an Ive lost a fiver. Pay yeh back.Fats stuck a hand in his jeans pocket and touched(p) a crumpled bank note. Somehow he did not want to look too flush in front of Krystal, so he ferreted deeper for change, and in the end came up with a small amount of silver and coppers.They went to the tiny newsagents two streets from the Square, and Fats hung around outside while Krystal bought Robbie crisps and a packet of Rolos. None of them said a word, not even Robbie, who seemed fearful of Fats. At last, when Krystal had handed her brother the crisps, she said to Fats, Wherell we go?Surely, he thought, she could not mean that they were going to shag. Not with the boy there. He had had some idea of taking her to the Cubby Hole it was private, and it would be a final desecration of his and Andrews friendship he owed nothing to anyone, any more. But he baulked at the idea of fucking in front of a three-year-old.Ell be all right, said Krystal. Es got chocolates now. No, later, she said to Robbie, who was whining for the Rolos still in her hand. When youve ad the crisps.They walke d off down the road in the direction of the old stone bridge.Ell be all right, Krystal repeated. E does as es told. Dontcha? she said loudly to Robbie.Wan chocolates, he said.Yeah, in a minute.She could suppose that Fats needed cajoling today. She had known, on the bus, that bringing Robbie, how forever necessary, would be difficult.Whatcha bin up ter? she asked.Party last night, said Fats.Yeah? Who wuz there?He yawned widely, and she had to wait for an answer.Arf Price. Sukhvinder Jawanda. atomic number 32 Bawden.Does she live in Pagford? asked Krystal sharply.Yeah, in Hope Street, said Fats.He knew, because Andrew had let it slip, where she lived. Andrew had never said that he liked her, but Fats had watched him watching Gaia almost constantly in the few classes they shared. He had noticed Andrews extreme self-consciousness around her, and whenever she was mentioned.Krystal, though, was thinking about Gaias mother the only social worker she had ever liked, the only one who had g ot through to her mother. She lived in Hope Street, the same as Nana Cath. She was probably there right now. What if But Kay had left them. Mattie was their social worker again. Anyway, you werent suppositional to bother them at home. Shane Tully had once followed his social worker to her house, and hed got a restraining order for his pains. But then, Shane had earlier tried to heave a brick through the womans car window And, Krystal reasoned, squinting as the road turned, and the river dazzled her eyes with thousands of blinding white spots of light, Kay was still the coverer of folders, the score-keeper and the judge. She had seemed all right, but none of her solutions would keep Krystal and Robbie unneurotic We could go down there, she suggested to Fats, pointing at the overgrown stretch of bank, a little way along from the bridge. An Robbie could wait up there, on the bench.She would be able to keep an eye on him from there, she thought, and she would make sure he didnt see a nything. Not that it was anything he had not seen before, in the days that Terri brought strangers home But, exhausted as he was, Fats was revolted. He could not do it in the grass, under the eye of a small boy.Nah, he said, trying to sound offhand.E won bother, said Krystal. Es got is Rolos. E won even know, she said, although she thought that was a lie. Robbie knew too much. There had been trouble at nursery when hed mimicked doing it doggy-style on another child.Krystals mother, Fats remembered, was a prostitute. He hated the idea of what she was suggesting, but was that not inauthenticity?Whassamatter? Krystal asked him aggressively.Nothing, he said.Dane Tully would do it. Pikey Pritchard would do it. Cubby, not in a million years.Krystal walked Robbie to the bench. Fats bent to peer over the back of it, down to the overgrown patch of widows weeds and bushes, and thought that the kid might not see anything, but that he would be as quick as he could, in any case.Ere yare, Krystal told Robbie, wrench out the long tube of Rolos while he reached for them excitedly. Yeh can ave all of em if yeh jus sit ere fer a minute, all righ? Yeh jus sit ere, Robbie, an Ill be in them bushes. Dyeh understand, Robbie?Yeah, he said happily, his cheeks already full of chocolate and toffee.Krystal slipped and slid down the bank towards the patch of undergrowth, hoping that Fats was not going to make any difficulties about doing it without a condom.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

People who make decisions based on emotion and justify those decisions with logic afterwards are poor decision makers Essay

The debate of whether to follow feelings or logic is a complex one. As the given direction seems too strong in suggesting that all those who make decisions based on emotion are poor decision-makers, it may be warranted to discuss both the affirmatory and negative role emotions and logic play in our decision making process.In certain cases, decisions based on emotion can result in undesirable consequences. There exist several examples of impulsive shoppers who get consumed by the emotion to acquire and buy something, and consequently, end up with a purchase they later on realize wasnt required at all. Advertisers and sales personnel, aware of this tendency, often play with this emotion to their advantage.A more severe example could be of totality abusers and addicts, who, in a moment of high emotion and drama, triggered by an adrenaline rush, make decisions they might need to regret later. Gamblers, point (or, misguided, rather) by the emotion of greed and the high of winning c ould end up impoverishing themselves and their dependents. One also comes across people who make the wrong dietary choices, to satiate their taste buds, thereby pose a danger to long-term health.The examples discussed above present the seamier side of decisions based on emotion however, it should be recognized that certain situations require that decisions be guided not by logic, but by impulse.The adage sieze the day suggests that one should let the liveliness rule over the head, and grab an opportunity with both hands. In other words, instinct and intuition can aid in better decision-making sometimes, rather than mere dependence on logic. There are several examples of melodic phrase honchos who claim to have taken risks, guided by their hearts, and reaped benefits of such decisions. In contrast, there are others who lament the loss of opportunity because they thought too overmuch and were hesitant to follow their heart. In short, decisions based on emotion may not always lead to wrong choices.Just as the brain and the heart work in tandem to keep the body functioning smoothly, one may assert that both emotion and logic are complements to each other, and make haste the decision making process. Decisions made on the basis of logic alone may not work out always, while choices guided by emotion and instinct could very often work wonders, and hence shouldnt be disregarded all the time.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Comparing the marketing of Tescos and Audi Essay

For this task we have been asked to look at the ways deuce different businesses marketplace their productions and services the two businesses we have been asked to look at areTesco & Audi.The first Tesco was opened in 1919 by a man called Jack Cohen from that 1 store Tesco has grown in the market and now has 923 stores worldwide, Tesco is a supermarket that sells all kinds of household items much(prenominal) as food, clothes range, technology range, phone range furniture, toys and many more, Tesco has many different stores which shed a lot of money every year.Tesco uses its brand to obtain new-fashioned customers and also retain old customers because they are a reliable business that is wellspring known by many of their customers. They are known for their cheap products and suitable prices which attract customers to come back and purchase again, They obtain new customers by doing things manage advertising and promoting their products and business on things like flyers, T.V, I nternet, Comparison sites and a lot of other places, they also do things like club cards which allow customers to engage some products for lower prices or free, this makes the customer want to come back and shop again because they like the way of service.We have been asked to pick one product from each business and discuss the marketing techniques between them, from Tesco I have chosen to do a Mobile phone, the target markets of this product is everyone, but almost everyone needs a mobile phone, the branding of the mobile phone will be different because if the phones are made from different companies their brands will be on them, Tesco will use adverts to promote the phone and get people interested so they will buy it, Tesco uses relationship marketing with phone brands such as Nokia, Samsung ECT as they sell their products in side their stores, The mobile phone has a large number of rival products as there are lot of different phone models to choose from and this particular phon e might not get bought.An Ansoff matrix is a business strategy that businesses use to increase sales and improve their market, Tesco is developing new products in existing markets because they already have a market and they just need new products to sell in their market, for deterrent utilization if Tesco created a new product their brand phone they would sell it under their work in their stores.Tesco constantly uses the Ansoff matrix as they are always let go of new products, and selling them, sometimes Tesco would work on improving a market and sometimes they create completely new products, If Tesco release a new mobile phone they would be releasing a new product into a existing market which would be using the Ansoff matrix.Audi AG (Xetra NSU) is a German manufacturer of a range of automobiles, from supermini to crossover SUVs in various body styles and price ranges that are marketed under the Audi brand. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Germany, and has been a who lly owned subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1966, following a phased purchase of its predecessor, Auto Union, from its former owner, Daimler-Benz. Volkswagen re-launched the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series. The company name is based on the surname of the come apart August Horch, meaning listen which, when translated into Latin, becomes Audi.Audi uses its brand to sell their products, Audi is a well known and trusted brand and people can buy from them with trust strange smaller companies, customers know that they can trust Audi, because they have reliable cars that they sell and the public know these facts about the business so they trust the company and buy the car.We have been asked to pick one product to describe the marketing techniques they use, I have chosen to do the Audi RS4, the target of this car would be anyone who can fight off and people who have money, The branding of this car would have the Audi Logo on it, Audi will use things like a dverts to promote their product, advertising increases sales, Audi can use family marketing with Car dealerships/shops which sell their cars, Audi has a lot of rivals due to there being many other car companies that are selling cars like them such as Mercedes, Bmw, ECT, so Audi will have to be better that the other companies and prove that they are the best car dealer on the market.An Ansoff matrix is a business strategy that businesses use to increase sales and improve their market Audi is constantly creating new products in their existing markets, and sometimes creating new products for new markets, for example Audi would not start a new company to sell new products under, they would just make new products which would be cars and sell them under their current name which would be Audi.Audi constantly uses the Ansoff matrix as they are always making new cars and selling them, sometimes Audi would work on improving a market and sometimes they create completely new products, for exam ple If Audi created a new car they would sell it under their brand name and this is using the Ansoff Matrix.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Analyze the main character’s positive and negative qualities in “To build a fire” Essay

Based on real experiences, Jack Londons stories of mellow adventures have been appealing to millions of readers worldwide. With naturalism mode of fiction and a common topic vigorous disposition in his works, the great author always took great care to depict his characters and the struggles with nature to expose valet de chambres qualities in formidable situations. To build a parent is a good example. By creating a context of severe weather with white frost dominating throughout the story, Jack London was prosperous in portraying his booster station tom Vincent with every last(predicate) prescribed and negative qualities.The characters appointed qualities were revealed from the beginning of the story. In the first page, readers can easily perceive that gobbler Vincent was a strong slice. The protagonist was described as a strapping young fellow, big-boned and big-muscled, with faith in himself and in force-out of his head and hands. With good descriptive words, the wri ter created a vivid picture of a young man who was strong both physic all in ally and mentally. He was brave and always ready to cope with difficulties with a pixilated belief in himself. He did not hide from the severe elements instead, he was out in it, face up it, play offing it.Furthermore, Tom Vincent was a smart and clear-headed person. He knew how to protect himself in the freezing weather. Realizing the biting cold, he leaped to his feet and ran briskly up the trail also, he rubbed his nose and cheeks till they fire with the returning blood, which make him warmer. When he mat the cold water strike his feet and ankles, he knew the thing to do, and the only thing to do, was to build a fire. Though failing to set a fire many periods and almost dim with his numb hands, Tom Vincent could keep his mind sound enough to come up with the idea of zealous his hands to regain their receiveing and continued to build an some other fire. Obviously, Tom was a man who could defend to difficult situations quite flexibly and smartly.The most remarkable quality of Tom Vincent is his strong pick intellect with great patience and perseverance, which was vividly described through the characters continuous attempts to build a fire in freezing weather. When Tom was aware of his dangerous situation, he didnt think so much solelyconcentrated on building a fire the only thing that could retain his living at that moment. In the first attempt, he kneeled down to kindle his fire. De anguish his unmittened stiff fingers, he told himself not to hurry things and cherished his fire with the utmost care. However, the frost forced him to suffer more. His young flame, his weeny light of hope, was soon buried under the snow that fell down from the pine boughs. In spite of the fear and panic growing larger and larger inside him, he unbroken his aim of mind. He did not allow himself to be overwhelmed by the adversity and started at once to rebuild the fire. Unfortunately, he failed at the very beginning when he dropped the match in the snow and could not pick it up once more with his numb fingers. Desperate, however he, though painfully, stood up, stepped to one side to avoid being disturbed by the dropping snow from the pine boughs, beat his hands violently against a tree-trunk, and made another attempt.Still, the aggressive elements kept troubling the miserable man. Toms tiny flame was quenched one more time in his shaking hand due to the severe cold. After consecutive failures, Tom virtually collapsed with des pair off, but quickly, he ran up the trail to look for help. He still believed there was another solution lendable somewhere. Even when he had recognized that there was no help, no sign of help but the cold white frost and the brazen silence, his hope of being rescued promptly ignited again when his eye chanced upon another high-water lodgment of twigs and branches. He started over to build a fire He tried to catch up with the condition of numb hands with all fingers straight out by pressing the wrist of the other hand against them and finally managed to ignite the match. Regrettably, the flame burned into the flesh of his hand, which made him involuntarily relax his piddle and helplessly watch the match fall into the snow. The fire went out. Again, he ran, in his most terrible panic, but the only thing he could find was an empty shelter of moose-hunters. This time, he felt so naughtily frightened that he sank down and sobbed, nearly accepting that everything was over. When all the doors seemed to be closed, his love of deportment burned strongly than ever. He sprang again to his feet, thinking quickly, and found out a way to save his life burning his hands to regain their sense. He set his teeth to bear the pain caused by the fire licking his flesh. Apparently, that he writhed just about with the torment, yet held on the fire, was the greatest evidence of his tough survival instinct. The heroic measure and the amazing bravery toact over the extremity saved him from death. by means of Tom Vincents continuous attempts to build a fire, readers can see clearly the characters posture and iron go forth. Despite the severe hardship, he made great efforts despite the great efforts, he made continuous failures despite the continuous failures, he always gave himself another opportunity to survive.Beside the positive qualities, readers could see the presence of negative traits in the characters personality, which brought him very close to death. Tom Vincent was exposed as an overconfident, inhering and arrogant young man. Ignoring the pedagogy of the north, Never travel alone, Tom, by himself, started his journey in a severe weather condition with just a light pack on his back, a pair of moccasins on his feet, and an over-optimistic attitude on a new, strange and lonely route. At the beginning of the journey, he was blacken along the trail and enjoyed it with all his great excitement. He was f earless with the thought that there was no guess of getting lost and considered a nose-strap feminine contraption. Although the nature did warn him of its killing freezing cold, Tom enjoyed the exultation with a complacent attitude. He assumed that he was stronger than the elements and considered himself as master of the elements. He laughed obstreperously in sheer strength of life, and with his clenched fist defied the frost. It was his overconfidence that made him take all miseries afterwards.Tom was a strong and smart young man nonetheless, it was not enough for him in the fight against the cruel nature. In the dual with Mother Nature, he was just a child. He failed to estimate all dangerous accidents that did happen to him during his journey. First of all, he hadnt known how harsh the weather was and afterwards felt the need of a nose-strap that he had scorned before. Moreover, he built a fire under a pine tree with snowy boughs that blotted out his flame. Also, he couldnt ima gine that his hands and his body would aim such(prenominal) numb and worthless ones that prevented him from building a fire. Ultimately, he regretted ignoring the precept of the north and wished to have a comrade whose feet were not freezing to start a fire that could save him. After experiencing continuous acrimony failures, Tom, a strapping man, sank down and sobbed like a child. Jack London was successful using wrinkle to paint his character one arrogant at the beginning and one miserable at the end. Through that, the author showed usthe consequences of his characters shortcomings. Though thinking that Tom Vincent deserved to pay for his arrogance, readers feel sorry for him. If he had been a good listener traveling with a companion or showtime the journey in a better weather condition, he wouldnt have fallen into such a life-threatening situation that nearly took his life away.The story ended with a Tom Vincent survive but totally different from the Tom at the beginning. H e became sensitive to frost and lays down the precept of the North. He finally took a bitter lesson from Mother Nature. After analyzing the characters positive and negative qualities, we can learn valuable lessons a will of iron is a weapon that helps us overcome difficulties in life, even in the worst situation however, never underestimate potential risks around us, and be a good listener. A man with all good qualities like Tom Vincent could be a very successful person in the modern world today nevertheless, it is the arrogance that will destroy all his success. Hence, a man can succeed only when he understands the rules of nature and the rules of life to take appropriate actions in all adventures during his life.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Communication in Social Work Practice Essay

1 genial Work Theory & Practice. The Importance of intercourse Sk blows in mixer Work Practice. Introduction. Social drub is a professional activity. Implicit in its use be ethical principles, which prescribe the professional responsibility of the complaisant blend iner. The primary objective of the code of morality is to discover implicit principles explicit for the protection of clients. (BASW, 1976). According to Thompson (2000) Social work involves operative with some(prenominal) of the near disadvantaged sections of the community and with volume who, for a variety of reasons, atomic number 18 experiencing major difficultys and di air, often with unmet needs and other difficulties that whitethorn at times seem intractable. Lishman (1994) purports a broader definition of Social Work, which involves memorializeing into the lives of people who argon in distress, conflict or 2 trouble. To do this requires not only technical competence only when also qualities of integrity, genuineness and self-awargonness.The profound Council for upbringing and Training in Social work ( f whole in Kingdom) has also flummox pop go forth core skills and characteristics for Social work sketch as follows The importance of being able to turn over and engage, To be able to promote and enable, To achieve success in planning and accessing in crapation, Intervening appropriately and providing run when necessary, Working competently with other organisations, Developing overall professional competence. So not only do neighborly works need to adhere to ethics and values, they moldiness also look in perspective themselves as people and seek out the skills necessary to work with various client assemblys and organisations. As mentioned, communicating skills atomic number 18 vitally important, along with listening and analytical skills.Look more favorable process theories essay unless it is also very important that the loving worker be aware of him/herself, of 3 handing feelings or emotions that may emanate finished this line of work. Reflection is an important aspect, as well as creativity, sensitivity and humility. A major step forward in contemporary perform was the development of a Code of ethics (1995), which merely defined social work as The primary focus of social work is working with individuals, families, and bases within their social context. Through the training, knowledge and skills which support a high standard of professionalism, the social work task is to facilitate and enable clients to identify options and make decisions for themselves so that they may develop strategies to effect improvement in the quality of their lives.Social work also foc recitations on issues of social policy, social administration and social justice and the betterment of society as a whole (IASW, 1995 1). Effective social work requires a multitude of interconnecting knowledge and skills backed up by the values, which underpin 4 salutary social work practice. To be able to provide a good service the social worker needs to be able to refer to, or call upon a wide body of knowledge. This knowledge base is sooner extensive and detailed, as Thompson (2000,p73) points out, practitioners are not realistically expected to know all of this knowledge base. merely a certain level of knowledge is essential, for example knowledge of the bases, things much(prenominal) as applicable offshootislation, theories and techniques twisty in a particular case.Knowledge of society and the social processes and institutions is also crucial to the lineament of a social worker, as these are the very fabric of the profession. No amount of knowledge, on its testify, at least, basin be in effect(p) without the possession of skills to act upon it. Thompson (2000,p82) defines a skill as the readiness to carry out a particular activity in effect(p)ly and consistently over a period of time. The skills with which a social worker is armed must be used in conjunction with the knowledge base to radiate the values, principles, and beliefs associated with the profession. There is a wide range of skills beget-to doe with in high quality social work from basic communication skills to analytical, presentational, and management skills.Because of the often-sensitive nature of 5 situations social workers peck find themselves in, the ability to be patient and apprehending is important. Working with children and families is one of the largest celestial spheres covered by social work. Insofar as a social worker may be dealing with an individual client, that clients place in the family fag end be of critical importance to any assessment. When working with families it is important not to render to reflect ones ideas of how a family functions. The challenge for the social worker when working with a family is not to derive but to try to understand how does this family work? Coulshed et al (1998,p171).When dealing with a fa mily it is very important to bide impartial, to take the time to listen to everyones point of view. This access is more likely to encourage banter and sharing in which the worker is free to engage and disengage when the need arises, Coulshed et al (1998,p175). Another area which social workers are involved is with groups. This is somewhat different to the family situation. It also shares things in common with community work. The design of a social worker as a facilitator or leader of a group has some levels. At different stages the worker has to be central, pivotal, peripheral, 6 and central at once again, Coulshed et al (1998,p198).The various stages of group development and the field of the stages defined by Tuchman and Jensen, in Coulshed et al (1998,p198) names these stages as forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. The role and tasks of the social worker are to help get group members involved and to encourage the development of a group bond. In the process of doing this s/he must be alert to isolated members, overabundant members and conflict within the group, to develop positively the dynamics of the group and achieve a desired outcome, turn see the needs of all the group members impartially and without bias. Community social work requires the social worker to develop a more flexible approach requiring such skills as recognising and validating skills and noises.Traditional social work skills may need to be lodgeed to fit into the community context. Network building can also be a part of the process for a social worker, for example, to bring a group of people together who have similar concerns but are not in a piazza to facilitate this formation themselves. 7 In all(prenominal) of the above scenarios, the social worker must adapt to the different settings and the number of individuals that may be present and thereof use the near strong form of communication and tools necessary to make it at different levels, whether that i nvolves one person, several people or a large group. Effective Communication. Effective communication is an essential component of traditional social work activities e.g. providing basic care, giving advice, reservation assessments, counselling, writing reports and acting as clients advocates.It is equally necessary for social workers to have effective communication skills if they are to promote self-help and em originatorment. oral communication is what we say and includes questioning, reflection, focusing, summarising, challenging and confrontation. literal communication involves the use of language. The skills involved in engaging, listening, negotiating and challenging are equally relevant to communication in work groups and multi-disciplinary teams. Any commitment to the empowerment of social work clients is intendless if their 8 views are uncomplete sought nor taken into account. Silverman (1969) emphasises the importance of a non-judgemental approach.There are three main areas of knowledge and visualize were valued by clients are outlined by Rees and Wallace (1982), cited in Lishman (1994) Clients valued workers who had passable experience of life to listen non-judgementally to what they had to say, Clients valued workers who had enough life experience to understand clients problems from their own experience, Clients appreciated specialised knowledge and training.Kinds of Communication. Symbolic communication. Symbolic communication involves behaviour, actions or communications, which represent or denote something else. As social workers we need to be aware of the potential meaning of 9 our representation, actions and aspects of our working environment. For example, punctuality, dress and layout of the consultation room are all important aspects of symbolic communication. propinquity needs to be claimed in relation to orientation. Sommer and Cook (1968) explored different seating positions and found evidence which suggested that session alongsi de a person implies cooperation, opposite a person competition and at right angles to to each one other equality of status. Thus sitting ass a des, directly opposite a client, has distancing and power implications but also may be confrontational.Although, There are no fixed rules about carry being too relaxed may convey power and inattentiveness, being too rigid, tension, anxiety and authority. As social workers we need to be aware of such subliminal reinforcement and to use it discriminatingly. Non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication outlined by Sutton (1979) suggests that while spoken communication is refer mainly with 10 information giving, non-verbal communication is the music behind the dustup conveying feelings or attitudes. at a lower placestanding people or social perception is concerned with the trend in which people form impressions of others and make inferences about the causes of their behaviour to enable them to predict and control their own social rea lity, savvy the causes and motives behind behaviour is Nonverbal Communication or NVB. Nonverbal communication NVB is the demeanor in which people communicate intentionally or unintentionally without the use of words.Expressions, gestures, posture, touch, personal space, eye speck and tone of voice are used to express emotions, convey attitudes, regulate and control speech and communicate personal characteristics. NVB are examined in two ways Information touch on how do people take in nonverbal cues? What kinds of inferences do we make about peoples intentions based on these cues, Impression management. Michael argyle (1988) suggested that NVB is important for Expressing emotion, Conveying attitudes, 11 Communicating ones personality traits, Facilitating verbal communications. Patterson (1983) suggests that NVB serve a number of particular functions in social fundamental interactions including Expressing intimacy, Regulating the course of interactions, Exercising social contr ol and dominance.Druckman (1982) outlined five principal uses to which NVB is usually launch To communicate pre-articulated feelings, feelings that cannot be put into words, To provide cues to information processing enabling us to guess at what other person is thinking or feeling, To serve as emphases in persuasive appeals to enhance our success at persuading others, To facilitate deception, To convey subtle messages. 12 The characteristics of NVB were outlined by Dittman (1984). There are users and sources of NVB, nonverbal behaviours are sent by encoders and received by decoders through a variety of different channels. Channels of nonverbal communication include facial expression, eye contact, gestures, touch, paralanguage or nonverbal elements of speech and spatial behaviour.A number of channels are used at the same time to send a particular emotional message. Behaviours sent are intentionally controlled while behaviours may be received with different levels of awareness. Som e messages are received in full awareness and as mean by the sender, whereas other messages are deliberately kept out of full awareness and may interpolate the intention of the sender. A number of different categories of NVB exist according to Ekman and Friesen (1969) Emblems these are movements that are communicative substitutes for words i.e. Handshaking. Illustrators these are movements that accompany speech and accent i.e. rapping a table. Regulators these are movements that maintain or signal a change in the speaker/ listener roles i.e.Head nods. 13 Affect displays these are facial expressions that are used to convey emotions Adapters these are self and object manipulations, which relate to an individual emotional, need or state. Mehrabian (1972) suggested that NVBs were important for indicating a persons social orientation. Social orientation can be summarised in terms of dimensions each dimension reveals some aspect of a persons intention and motivating for inter acting. According to Cook (1968) NVB are used to gain fuller descriptions of individuals when little information is available which we use to fill in the missing information about people, and guide our behaviour while interacting. One further way of determining what people think and feel is to try to provide explanations for why they behave in particular ways to reveal the motives and intentions behind their actions.This process is referred to as Casual Attribution and is concerned with understanding the reasons behind the behaviour of others. NVB are intended to provide us with clues to how a person feels, enabling us to predict and control our interactions with them. When information is missing implicit personality theories are used to fill in the gaps in our knowledge about a person. 14 Verbal communication. Language consists of symbols that convey meaning, rules for combining those symbols that can be used to cede an infinite variety of messages. flock use spoken sound and scr ipted words to represent objects, actions, events and ideas, and can be combined in an infinite variety of ways to generate an endless array of novel messages.Written reports and drops. According to Lishman (1994) skilled are learned in action, with practise and feedback, written reports and elliptical record keeping enable the aforementioned to happen. Hargie (1986) acknowledges criticism that social work records and reports are often lengthy, rambling and anecdotal and suggests written reports should be clear, concise and concentrate on the important features of the case. OHagan (1986) calls recording a crucial accomplishment tool. He argues that after a crisis, detailed interrogation is 15 essential. such recoding facilitates learning and self-awareness by a review of the behaviour, feelings, and interactions of all participants including the worker.Doel and Lawson (1986) found that once workers had developed an interactive recording style, using interview time to record the work, the quantity of written framework was reduced because it becomes more focused. The South Eastern wellness Board (1988) suggest that record keeping and good recording techniques are of vital importance in maintaining good housekeeping practice, facilitating accountability and maintaining the utmost confidentiality. Under the Freedom of Information Act 1997 asserts that the client can request to access to view/ copy their records at a later date. Therefore it is vitally important that all written records be update and on a regular basis reviewed. However there are exemptions to the above, which are also included in the FOI Act provisions.According to the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health visiting (1993) the purpose of written records is to To provide an accurate, current, comprehensive and concise information on the client from the initial assessment onwards, 16 including a record of any factors (physical, psychological or social) that appear to affect the client, To facilitate continuity, To provide a record of any problems that may arise and the response taken, To provide evidence of continuing assessments, To record the chronology of events and the reasons for any decisions may, To provide a baseline record against which improvement can be judged, To improve communication between all members of the healthcare team. Lishman (1994) suggests that statements made by the client during interview and subsequent assessments should include the clients statements.There is also a court- locateed obligation by social workers to maintain written records, the onus being on good practice by practitioners. The role of communication. 17 Communication is a crucial aspect of organising each and every interaction between the people who constitute the organisation is communication. Communication will be more likely to be good if it has been worked at constantly and not only in emergencies. McKenna (1991) suggests that communication is not s imply a matter of sending messages to and from between individuals and groups. It involves being aware of and understanding the experience of other people.This means cognize about the work they do and their perception of their situation. According to McKenna (1991) good horizontal communication between managers and just communication between managers and their work force are essential if role and job conflicts is to be avoided. It therefore appears that while managers at top and line management levels sees themselves as doing a good job in communicating with their immediate subordinates, those subordinates do not feel this is the case. Effective communication must be two-way. It must run from top to bottom and bottom to top vertical communication, and it must flow to and from between people at the same level within the organisation horizontal communication.The so-called ordinary members control some(prenominal) of what happens to horizontal 18 communication. This is communicati on between people on the same hierarchical level in an organisation and involves communication between colleague such has team leaders, or team members. Dutfield and Eling (1990) note that effective communication between people involves skills in Eliciting information, Presenting information, Managing the emotional content of the make fors. Skills in eliciting information Questions are the most obvious way of eliciting information in any situation but they may be hypothesize in a number of ways surface questions give the other person an opportunity to put forward their point of view without constraints, Closed questions are more focused and usually allow a simple yes or no type answers, Specific questions focus on facts.The second step in effective presentation of information involves checking that the information has been received and understood, 19 an opportunity is given to ask questions, having a discussion, feedback and asking questions. Dutfield and Eling suggest that man aging the emotional reactions of people in formal or informal interviews and at meetings. Emotions enter in when the person gets personally involved. This means that the core part of our self-concept appears to be under attack. We react defensively. stirred up reactions are themselves information and as such they take up part of our information processing contentedness. For these reasons the well(p) handling of the emotional content of communication is important in order to ensure that conflict and ill will does not result through misunderstandings.The main skills in managing the emotional content of face-to-face meetings are Preparing well in advance for interviews, Being aware of ones opinions and prejudices, Clarifying the nature of the problem in behavioural terms this involves separating fact from opinion, Setting up a suitable place and comfortable time for the interview, 20 Using skills in eliciting information to get the other persons views, find the other persons emot ional investment in the situation, Stay task focused, Decide a plan of action for the future with the person once the emotional content has been dealt with, Follow up the meeting with a memo summarising the agreement reached, Arrange a follow up meeting to review the situation.Managing duologue by Rackham and Carlisle (1978) Because people perceive situations differently their realities differ, the need to negotiate is a constant part of social life. The approaches to negotiation are as follows Distributive negociate a win/lose position. Underlying this approach is the idea that resources are finite and that each side tries to maximise the gains for itself leaving the other side to harmonize for less. Win/lose strategies may give short-term gains but are usually less effective in the long term 21 parties involved in the negotiation are usually involved in a long-term relationship with each other. Integrative bargaining win/win approaches aims to mould problems in such a way th at both sides gain something that they want. Win/win approaches to negotiating are recommended when the parties concerned will have to live and work together over the long term.Lose/lose bargaining in this situation conflict between the parties is likely to be personalised, parties would rather paralyse or abrogate the organisation rather than reach an agreement. Approaches to negotiation make the following assumptions about human psychology People are rational decision-makers at all times, People have unlimited information processing capacity which allows them to take into account all possible alternatives and all possible outcomes, People possess and understand all relevant information. Thus it is an important part of the process of negotiating successfully to 22 Supply all relevant information, Ensure that its implications are clear to all concerned, Give time for the information to be considered, Be pass on to a reconsideration of the information in the light of other points of view, Be willing to raise disagreements in a constructive and non-combatitive manner.Rackham and Carlisle (1978) defined the skilled negotiator as a person who as the ability to achieve an outcome with which participants were satisfied. Skilled negotiators Use their social networks to get their message through to the other side through different people, Repeat their main theme so that it becomes clear and people can consider its implications, Label their actions themselves so that they cannot be mislabelled by others, Test their understanding of what others are saying to them by summarizing and restating the content back to the other side, 23 Show that they are attending and listening to the other side by asking questions about their proposals, Do not disagree outright but probe the implications, Avoid making a proposal at a time when it will be rejected, When a proposal is on the table from the other side, it should be examined and allowed to wind down before an alternative is p ut forward, Know that a counter proposal has the best chance of being accepted as a way out of a problem acknowledged by both sides, Dont waste time, Never personalize difficulties in the process, are not afraid to disagree, but avoid provocation when doing so. Building and maintaining client-worker relationship.In order for it to be possible to engage with a client, the worker needs to show warmth, empathy, active listening and a non- 24 judgemental approach. Lishman (1994) outlines other core conditions or characteristics found necessary to build and maintain a client-worker relationship. legitimacy is one of the core conditions or characteristics found to be necessary for a counsellor or healer to help clients effectively Truax and Carkhuff (1957). They define genuineness as involving the worker in direct personal encounter with the client, meeting him/ her on a person-to person basis. heating plant/ non-possessive warmth also termed unconditional positive suppose is anot her attribute found by Rogers and the client-centred school 1957 to be a core condition for lot.Warmth is linked with acceptance and conveys respect. It involves the worker accepting the clients experience as part of that person, and can be idea of as a physical way of showing caring and understanding, and is mainly expressed non-verbally. Mehrabian (1972) uses the term to attract a group on non-verbal behaviours conveying, warmth, affiliation and liking. Mehrabian includes physical proximity, leaning and turning towards the client, sitting in a relaxed position, maintaining eye contact and smiling. 25 Acceptance and a non-judgemental approach. Lishman (1994) sees acceptance as a preparedness to try to understand a clients subjective world, without conveying rejection or disapproval. Encouragement and approval in the social learning theory terms, conveying approval is giving positive reinforcement, defined by Sutton (1979) as encouraging the repetition of good behaviour.Positive reinforcements include tangible rewards, such as thanks, praise or appreciation. At the same time traditional social work values proposed by Biestek (1965) of acceptance and non-judgemental attitudes, have been interpreted to mean not only that workers should refrain from conveying their disapproval to clients, but also their approval. Empathy is another core condition or characteristic found to be necessary for a counsellor or therapist to help their clients effectively Truax and Carkhuff (1957). Empathic responses can help a client to make esthesis of what may feel a jumble of thoughts and feelings. The client may be reassured that there is some meaning in what as felt incoherent and irrational.Empathic responses can help to validate and swear clients perceptions, which previously 26 have been ignored, disqualified or disconfirmed. While this cannot heal or solve the past hurt it may reduce its power in the present by helping the client to recognise the hurt and live with it, and perhaps lay it to rest and move on. Responsiveness and sensitivity according to Mehrabian (1972) responsiveness can be conveyed non-verbally and verbally. He found that it was communicated non-verbally by movement head nods, leg and foot movements, by facial expressions through pleasantness and changes in expression.Conclusion. The final requirement according to Lishman (1994) for effective communication is the workers self-awareness. Communication, verbal, non-verbal or symbolic, is about our use of self. In order to communicate effectively we have to be aware of what we are doing, why we are doing it, how we are presenting ourselves to our clients and, on the basis of this self-knowledge or awareness, what changes in our communication are needed if we are to be more effective. Skilled and effective communication is not a static state. 27 It will always involve change and development and consolidation, learning from our past behaviour and from our mistakes. Writers such as She ldon (1977) and Fischer (1978) argue that social workers should concern themselves with the evaluation of the effectiveness of their intervention.They stress the importance of, thinking about the ends of work, not just the means of goals and outcomes setting specific goals to avoid a double agenda, diffusion of goals, inactivity and lack of change, and failure to offer what the client wanted developing and definiting intervention skills for problem-solving and change. The skills involved in attending and listening, engaging and relating, giving and getting information, negotiating agreements or contracts and helping people to make changes in their attitudes, beliefs or behaviour are relevant to social work in all contexts. severally context will influence the way in which communication occurs, both enhancing and encouraging the use of some skills and constraining or limiting the use of others.Lishman (1994) also suggests that attending being punctual is an indication to our client s of attentiveness. auditory sense and an 28 empathic response are important components in enabling the client to feel that such emotions can be accepted, expressed and lived with and do not have to be hidden or feared. Such acceptance may be the staring-point for a client to learn to live with and manage previously alter emotions. Social workers have to begin from a value base, which entails basic respect for all human beings. Social work as to start from humanistic principles or values about the worth and dignity of each individual.Bibliography.Argyle, M. 1988 Bodily Communication (2nd ed) London Methuen. Biestek, F.P. 1965 The Casework Relationship, London, Unwin University Books. Coulshed, V. & Orme, J. (1998) Social Work (An Introduction) 3thed. Macmillan. 29 Cook, M. 1968 Studies of Orientation and Proximity, Oxford, Institute of Experimental Psychology. Doel, M. and Lawson, B. 1986 Open Records The Clients Right to Partnership , British Journal of Social Work, vol.16. Pp. 4 07. Dittman, L. 1984 The infants we care for. Washington National Association for the Education of Young Children. Druckman, D. 1982 Non Verbal Communication Survey, Theory and Research. Beverly Hills Sage Publications. Ekman, P. & Friesan, W.V. 1968 Non-verbal Communication in Psychological Research, in J.M. Schlien Research in Psychotherapy Washington American Psychological Research. Fisher, J. 1978 Effective Casework An Electric Approach, New York. McGraw-Hill. 30 Hargie, O. 1986 A Handbook of Communication Skills, London and Sydney, Croom Helm. Lishman, J. 1994 Communication in Social Work Macmillan Press London. Patterson, M. 1983 Non Verbal Behaviour. New York Springer. Mehrebian, A. 1972 Non-Verbal Communication, Alberta, Aldine. Mc Kenna, E.F. 1991 Managerial Leadership emergent trends University of East London. OHagan, K. 1986 Crisis Intervention in Social Services, Basingstoke, Macmillan. Silverman, P.R. 1969 The Client Who Drops Out A Study of Spoiled Helping Relationshi ps, Brandais University PHD Thesis. 31 Sheldon, B. 1977 Do You Know Where You Are Going? , Community Care, 8th June 1977. Sommer, R. 1965 Further Studies of Small Group Ecology, Sociometry, vol.28, pp. 337. South Eastern Health Board, September 22nd 1998, Record keeping in the freedom of information environment. Sutton, C. 1979 Psychology for Social Workers and Counsellors, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, subroutine library of Social Work. Thompson, N. (2000) Understanding Social Work. Palgrave. Traux, C.B. and Carkhuff, R.R. 1957 Towards Effective Counselling and Psychotherapy, Journal of Counselling Psychology, vol.28. Rackham, N. & Carlisle, J. 1978 The Effective treater Part 1. The behaviour of successful negotiators. Journal of European Industrial Training, 2. 32 United Kingdom Central council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, 1993 Standards for Records and Record Keeping, London UKCC. Wallace, A. and Rees, S. 1988The Priority of Client Evaluations, in Lishman 19 88. http//iasw.eire.org/ethics.htm http//www.arcaf.net/social_work_proceedings/ 33 Retrieved from http//www.socialwork.ie/socialwork/wiki/index.php/Communication_in_Social_Work_Practice_-_Essay Personal tools

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Kelloggs vintage ad

In the wee sasss, a well-known cereal brand, Kellogg, put out an advertisement for a new product it was producing, vitamins. The ad shows a well- garmented husband standing with his wife, both of whom look happy. The military man Is wearing a suit, and the womanhood Is dressed to clean with her apron on and hand duster. The ad shows the husband saying, So the harder a wife officiates, the cuter she looks. On the bottom responsibility hand side, you see a little comic of the husband and wife over again speaking to each other. The husband says, Gosh, honey, you seem to thrive on cooking, cleanup and dusting and I am on the whole tuckered out by closing time.Whats the answer? The wife responds, Vitamins, darling I al focusings get my vitamins. This ad is trying to portray the man as hard working and tired, merely a woman who, though she is also hard working, isnt tired, and is ready to please her man when he comes home. Kellogg is using sex accumulation and sex activity r oles to attract its consumers however, this ad would be ineffective today because of its use of countersign, ethos, and pathos. Back in the sasss, it is known that woman were the ones that did all the cooking and cleaning throughout the house, while the husband went to work. In the Kellogg ad you see a woman thatIs ready to clean and a man who has Just returned from work. The ad Is portraying a man holding his wife from behind saying So the harder a wife works, the cuter she looks On the bottom right hand side of the ad you see the husband and wife again, this time facing each other, tho again he is holding her. With the husband asking his wife how she seems to thrive on the cooking and cleaning because by the end of the day of work he is all tuckered out. The wife answers by saying, Vitamins, Darling I always get my vitamins. You get the idea that the woman will always be ready for the man.Especially with the way the husband is holding onto her. You faecal matter also get a gl impse of the gender roles that are being viewed. During that era woman had to stay home and maintain the house while the man went to work to nark the money. On the left hand side of the ad, in that respect is a tiny Image of a Kellogg powdered ginger cereal niche. By looking at the ad you would non know It was supposed to be about cereal. When looking at an advertisement you indirectly come across three approaches to the argument logos, ethos, and pathos. When you look for the logos you are looking for the reason, or logic, behind the ad and what is making it appeal to the reader.Looking at the vintage Kellogg ad, there are bold letters at the bottom saying, Vitamins for pep Pep for vitamins. By reading that argumentation you want to assume that you are looking at an ad for vitamins. If you were to take your vitamins, then you would have the zip that you would need to do your daily tasks, and to also please your husband. The logic would not work today because victorious v itamins does not slacken off you substantial health benefits. It is more like that placebo effect, in which people believe that it is doing something for you, but in the long run it is not doing anything t all.Ethos Is the credibility of the ad, so you are looking for the reputation, experience, and Its determine of the advertiser. The ad Is showing how Kellogg PEP Is a good source for energy Like vitamins. So you can see that the brand of Kellogg and the reliability of vitamins are an excellent source of nutritional stick on. The brand of Kellogg and the belief that vitamins could give you what your regular diet you the energy that you were made to believe once did. Pathos is the emotion ad is portraying. It uses feelings, desires, and revere to influence your reader.The woman in he picture looks energetic and ready to go do the cooking and all the household chores, such as laundry, dishes, dusting, mopping, etc. The wife feels better than the man after a long day of hard work, and that she is ready to go to please him. With the wife having all the energy, she will be able to perform the acts that her husband desires to make him happy. The pathos would not work today because women do not just stay home and cook and clean. Today woman have more say in the way things are done. Kellogg used ethos, logos, and pathos to attract their consumers.Kellogg sees the idea of taking your vitamins as a supplement to give you energy to do your household chores, and for the woman to please her man. They are using sex appeal to attract more consumers. In that time woman were only allowed to wear dresses to look sexier. The ethos, logos, and pathos would not work today because of their use of sex appeal and gender roles. Today, women are able to go to work and not Just be a stay at home wife. Women have more options. By looking at the advertisement, you would not know that it was about Kellogg if it did not have the little logo box in the bottom left corner.